Restorative dentistry is constantly evolving as a result of innovative treatment solutions based on new materials, treatment techniques and technologies, with composite materials being a prime example. The advent of fibre reinforcement has further increased the potential uses of composites within restorative dentistry. This paper discusses fibre types, structure and the physical properties of fibre-reinforced composites, in addition to outlining some of the potential clinical applications of this exciting group of materials, thus updating the reader on the new treatment possibilities offered by these developments.